“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径研究

陕西作为丝绸之路的发源地，以其有利的自然生态条件和区域产业结构，形成了以茶叶为主导的产业发展格局。目前，陕西省茶叶出口规模不大，市场占有率较低。在“一带一路”倡议的推动下，陕西省茶叶出口至沿线国家的潜力较大，未来将逐步呈上升态势。研究了“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商市场发展现状和存在的问题，提出陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径，通过借力跨境电商平台、开拓国际市场、稳固绿茶品牌、布局海外仓解决出口难的问题，以及完善跨境电商法律秩序，拓展陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径。      

基于距离相关系数和KNN回归模型的森林蓄积量估测研究

【目的】探究Landsat8 OLI数据和KNN算法在森林蓄积量估测中的潜力。【方法】以湖南省湘潭县为研究区,采用Landsat8 OLI数据和同时期的二类调查数据,通过距离相关系数筛选特征,分别采用线性回归模型(MLR)、K-近邻模型(KNN)、距离加权KNN模型(DW-KNN)和优化欧式KNN模型(FW-KNN)对森林蓄积量进行估测。使用十折交叉方法进行精度检验,对检验结果进行对比分析。【结果】3种KNN模型的估测结果均高于传统的线性模型,并且在3种KNN模型中,FW-KNN算法效果最好,决定系数达到0.69,为3种模型中最高;3种KNN模型中,本研究优化欧氏距离KNN模型的估测精度最高,其均方根误差为30.3%,相比于传统KNN模型的均方根误差降低了5.1%,相比于DW-KNN模型降低了3.3%。【结论】采用DW-KNN蓄积量估测结果明显优于其他两种模型,说明通过特征与蓄积量的相关性优化样本间的距离是一种可行的KNN优化方法。     

鲜枣片组合干燥技术研究

分别采用真空微波干燥、变温压差干燥和二者组合方式对鲜枣片进行干燥处理。研究不同功率、不同真空度下真空微波干燥的特性,确定鲜枣片真空微波干燥的适宜干燥参数为:功率4 kW,真空度0.05 MPa。研究不同温度、不同真空度和不同物料含水量下变温压差干燥的特性,确定鲜枣片变温压差干燥的适宜参数为:温度60℃,真空度0.05 MPa,含水量16%。以产品色泽、复水比、收缩比、硬度、脆度等品质特性为评价指标,比较真空微波干燥、变温压差干燥和组合干燥3种干燥方式对鲜枣片品质的影响,结果表明组合干燥相比单一干燥可明显提高枣片品质。     

LED补光组合对大棚越橘生长发育的影响

以2年生南高丛越橘‘Emerald’为材料，以大棚内自然光作为对照，研究LED光源的红蓝光（3︰1和6︰1）、紫外光（UVA）对植株长势、叶片光合作用、碳氮代谢、开花基因表达及开花率、果实品质的影响。结果表明：红蓝光组合处理下‘Emerald’的植株营养生长较旺盛，株高、1年生枝条长度和粗度显著高于对照。此外，红蓝光（6︰1）处理下叶片的叶绿素相对含量、比叶重和净光合速率均显著提高。红蓝光组合也可诱导植株开花，开花基因FT表达量和开花率明显高于对照。紫外光下叶片的氮含量、开花率及FT基因表达量显著高于对照。不同光质组合补光对‘Emerald’的果实品质有显著影响，红蓝光（3︰1）处理下果实的质量、横纵径、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、花青素含量和糖酸比均高于对照。总之，不同光质补光会促进越橘‘Emerald’的生长发育，红蓝光6︰1组合对促进营养生长作用相对较大，红蓝光3︰1组合对提高果实品质效果较好。紫外光虽能改变植株形态和促进开花，但果实品质提高效果较红蓝光处理稍弱。     

红掌新品种‘明农月华’

‘明农月华’红掌是以‘森萨’为母本，‘白王子’为父本杂交选育而成的紫色盆花新品种。株形直立紧凑，生长势强，具有丛生特性。平均株高56.0 cm，冠幅46.8 cm。叶片深绿呈卵心形；佛焰苞中等卵圆形，粉紫色且富有光泽，肉穗花序直立，呈紫色，高于叶。从组培苗出瓶至形成成品约15个月，常年开花，花期持久，抗病性强，适应性好。     

Fish functional diversity responses following flood pulses in the upper Paraná River floodplain

Flood pulses are the main force driving the dynamics of aquatic communities in floodplains. The responses of communities to environmental changes following flood pulses usually demand a time lag to appear and reach the climax. We assembled a data set of 16 years of fish samplings to assess the relationship between water level and four functional diversity measures, in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Specifically, we approached four aspects of each relationship between water level and functional diversity: nature (positive or negative), sensitivity (response intensity), responsiveness (response delay) and extent (response duration). The nature of the relationship between water level and functional diversity was positive in all cases. Functional richness (FRic) responded right after flood pulses, although with shorter extent. Abundance‐dependent functional measures (evenness—FEve; divergence—FDiv; and Rao's quadratic entropy—Rao's Q) presented delayed responses, reaching peaks more than 1.5 years after flood pulses. Significant effects of floods on fish functional diversity were observed for more than 3 years, although the highest functional diversity was observed with 1.8 years, on average. More importantly, flood pulses had no longer significant effects on functional diversity after 4 years. Regarding conservation strategies in regulated systems, flood events should occur every 2 or 3 years, with adequate timing (October‐November), intensity (up to 450 cm) and duration (at least 50 uninterrupted days). Intervals longer than 3 years or inadequate timing, intensity and duration could dramatically decrease functional diversity and compromise ecosystem services.     

新疆部分地区苹果、核桃和杨树腐烂病的病原鉴定

 树木腐烂病在新疆主林果种植区均有不同程度的发生,近年呈加重趋势。本研究在调查了新疆阿克苏、和田、伊犁、喀什和库尔勒等地区苹果树、核桃树和杨树3种林果腐烂病田间发病情况的基础上,重点对14个样本点的样品进行病原物的分离与鉴定。结果表明,各样本点3种林果均有不同程度的腐烂病发生,分离鉴定结果为引起苹果树腐烂病病原菌主要为Valsa mali var. mali(分离频率为64.5%),其次是V. mali var. pyri(25.8%)、V. malicola(3.2%)和V. nivea(6.5%);引起核桃树和杨树腐烂病病原菌为V. sordida(分离频率为83.3%和96%)和V. nivea(分离频率为16.7%和4%)。离体枝条及苹果果实上的致病性测定结果表明,3种林果上分离得到的病原菌均能感染原寄主。引起新疆部分地区苹果树腐烂病的主要病原菌是Valsa mali var. mali,核桃树和杨树腐烂病的主要病原菌是V. sordida。同时,基于实际生产中存在感病枯死杨树枝干作为苹果园、核桃园树体支撑木的现象,推测3种林果腐烂病菌间可能存在交叉感染的潜在风险。     

不同处理方法对北高丛蓝莓扦插繁育的影响

扦插繁殖是近年来应用比较普遍的无性繁殖手段之一,可以有效的保留植物本身优良的遗传性状。分别对瑞卡、北陆两个北高丛蓝莓品种在小兴安岭林区进行扦插试验,结果表明:适宜的扦插基质对蓝莓扦插后的成活率和保存率起到重要作用,而使用不同激素配比及时间方案进行处理则会对蓝莓扦插生根质量产生不同影响。     

Information extraction and dynamic evaluation of soil salinization with a remote sensing method in a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Monitoring the dynamics of soil salinization is of great importance for agricultural production. This study selected Yucheng County, a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) of China, as the study area and evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of soil salinization. Three methods, consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) transformation, tasseled cap (TC) transformation, and optimal band combination (OBC), were used to extract information from an early Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) image from 1984, and their advantages were compared. In addition, OBC was used on a thematic mapper (TM) image from 2009. An iteratively self-organizing data analysis algorithm was used together with prior knowledge of likely classifications to interpret the MSS and TM images for data classification. Finally, a transfer matrix method was used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of soil salinization and analyze the driving factors of soil salinization. Compared to PCA transformation and OBC, TC transformation was a more effective method for extracting soil salinization information from the MSS sensor. The results indicate that a soil area of approximately 298 km² was affected by salinity in 1984 in Yucheng County, of which 5.40%, 11.96%, and 12.75% were classified as being subject to slight, moderate, and severe salinization, respectively. In 2009, the saline area was reduced to only 146 km², of which 10.70% and 3.75% were characterized by slight to moderate salinization and no severe salinization, respectively. The saline land decreased at an average rate of 6 km² per year. This decrease was probably a result of lower groundwater depth, increased organic fertilizer or crop straw in soil, changed land use type, and increased vegetation coverage.